Edema toxin (ET), which is composed of a potent adenylate cyclase (AC), edema factor (EF), and protective antigen (PA), is one of the major toxicity factors of Bacillus anthracis.In this study, we introduced mutations in 5/81 full-length EF to generate alanine EF(H351A) and arginine EF(H351R) variants.In vitro activity analysis displayed that the a
A key component in understanding plant-insect interactions is the nature of host defenses.Research on defense traits among Pinus species has focused on specialized metabolites and axial resin ducts, but the role of lignin in defense within diverse systems is unclear.We investigated lignin levels in the outer bark and phloem of P.longaeva, P.balfour
Luis Vitetta1, Bill Anton21Unit of Health Integration, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia; 2Path Lab, Melbourne, AustraliaAbstract: Aging is a universal process to all life forms.The most current and multiple-rings widely accepted definition for aging in humans is that there is a progressive loss of function and energy producti
Kwang-Ho Cha,1,3 Kyung-Jin Cho,3 Min-Soo Kim,4 Jeong-Soo Kim,3 Hee Jun Park,1,3 Junsung Park,1,3 Wonkyung Cho,1,3 Jeong-Sook Park,3 Sung-Joo Hwang1,21Yonsei Institute of Dab Accesories Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; 3College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic o